We describe two new Kukri snakes of the genus Oligodon from the Nakhon Si Thammarat Mountain Range, southern peninsular Thailand. Oligodon phangan sp. nov., endemic to Pha-Ngan Island, Surat Thani Province, is characterised by a maximal identified SVL of 369.1 mm; 12 maxillary tooth, the posterior three enlarged; 17-17-15 dorsal scale rows; 163-166 ventrals; 33-42 divided subcaudals; a single anal; dorsal coloration brown with a pair of discreet paravertebral and lateral stripes; no dorsal or supracaudal bands, blotches or crossbars; background coloration of stomach pinkish-orange; underside of tail immaculate.
Oligodon promsombuti sp. nov., whose type-locality is Khao Phanom Wang, Surat Thani Province, can also be present in Trang Province, and is characterised by a maximal identified SVL of 552.7 mm; 12 maxillary tooth, the posterior three enlarged; 17-17-15 dorsal scale rows; 177 ventrals; 40 divided subcaudals; a single anal; deeply forked hemipenes missing spines; dorsal coloration blackish brown with almost vague paravertebral stripes; no dorsal or supracaudal blotches or crossbars; background coloration of stomach ivory, closely speckled with subrectangular blackish blotches. We tentatively allocate each new species to the casual Oligodon-cyclurus-group.
They are the fifth and sixth Oligodon species endemic to Thailand. We add Oligodon ocellatus, to this point identified solely from Cambodia, southern Laos and southern Vietnam, to the Thai fauna, primarily based on a specimen from Chong Mek, Ubon Ratchathani Province. The ameloblasts from the grass snake egg tooth present the identical mobile adjustments as reported throughout mammalian amelogenesis however are devoid of Tomes’ processes.
These knowledge present insights into clinically related peptides/proteins current in the venoms of these snakes. The totally differentiated enamel organ consists of outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, and ameloblasts in its internal layer. The enamel organ immediately involved with the oral cavity is roofed with periderm as a substitute of outer enamel epithelium. Stellate reticulum cells in the grass snake egg tooth share intercellular areas with the basal half of ameloblasts and are accountable for their diet. Ameloblasts throughout egg tooth differentiation go by means of the following levels: presecretory, secretory, and mature.
A revision of the dark-bellied, stream-dwelling snakes of the genus Hebius (Reptilia: Squamata: Natricidae) with the description of a new species from China, Vietnam and Thailand
Species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 with 17 or 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody and an general darkish venter are reviewed, together with the two species beforehand often called Parahelicops annamensis Bourret, 1934 and Pararhabdophis chapaensis Bourret, 1934. Specimens with 17 scale rows are morphologically related to Hebius venningi (Wall, 1910), which is right here redefined primarily based on exterior morphological characters reminiscent of scalation, and dorsal and ventral patterns. Consequently, Natrix nigriventer Wall, 1925 is resurrected from its synonymy with Hebius venningi
whereas Natrix taronensis Smith, 1940, beforehand thought-about a subspecies of H. venningi or a full species by some authors however with out justification, is right here confirmed to full species standing. Another group of species, largely related in coloration and sample to the H. venningi group however with 19 dorsal scale rows, consists of H. modestus (Günther, 1875), H. deschauenseei (Taylor, 1934) and a new species which is described herein primarily based on specimens from northern Vietnam, southern China and north-eastern Thailand due to distinct morphological variations.
We additionally present up to date taxonomic accounts for the species of this group, together with an identification key and distribution maps. Leptodeira is one of the most widespread and taxonomically problematic snake taxa in the Americas. Here we describe a new species of Leptodeira from the Andes of southern Ecuador primarily based on morphological and molecular knowledge. The new species is geographically shut and morphologically related to L. ornata and L. larcorum, from which it may be distinguished by having smaller dorsal physique blotches, an extended tail, and shorter spines on the hemipenial physique.
The shortest genetic distances between the new species and its congeners are 0.02 (16S), 0.05 (cytb), and 0.18 (ND4). The new species is restricted to the Jubones River Basin in southern Ecuador, an space of endemism for different reptile species.
The mitogenome of Ophidascaris wangi remoted from snakes in China
Different species of the genus Ophidascaris (Baylis, 1921; Nematoda: Ascaridida, Ascaridoidea) are intestinal parasites of varied snake species. More than 30 Ophidascaris species have been reported worldwide; nevertheless, few molecular genetic research have been performed on this genus. We sequenced the full mitogenome of Ophidascaris wangi parasitizing two snake species of the household Colubridae, i.e., Elaphe carinata (Günther, 1864) and Dinodon rufozonatum.
The mitogenome sequence of O. wangi was roughly 14,660 base pairs (bp) lengthy and encoded 36 genes, together with 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 22 switch RNA genes. Gene association, genome content material, and transcription route had been in step with these in Toxascaris leonina (Linstow, 1902; Ascaridida: Ascarididae). Phylogenetics of O. wangi and different ascaridoids had been reconstructed primarily based on the concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 PCGs, and on nucleotide sequences of 12 PCGs and two rRNA genes.
Phylogenetic analyses had been carried out utilizing most chance and Bayesian inference strategies, and the outcomes prompt that O. wangi constitutes a sister clade of Ascaris, Parascaris, Baylisascaris, and Toxascaris inside the household Ascarididae, which is a sister clade of Toxocaridae. The mitogenome sequence of O. wangi obtained from the current research shall be helpful for future identification of the nematode worms in the genus Ophidascaris and will improve the understanding of inhabitants genetics, molecular epidemiology, and phylogenetics of ascaridoid nematodes in snakes.
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